Friday, November 29, 2013

11/29/2013

11/29/2013

Answers:


What type of tympanogram is expected as otosclerosis progresses?
A) Type Ad 
B) Type As 
C) Type B 
D) Type C 
E) Otosclerosis does not affect tympanograms

A type As tympanogram is expected in advanced otosclerosis. As the stapes becomes progressively fixated, the TM becomes less compliant and there is blunting of the tympanogram.



What is the earliest sign of otosclerosis?

Absent acoustic reflexes are the earliest signs of otosclerosis.

MC Questions:
All of the following increase the risk of perilymphatic gusher's during stapedectomy except...
A) Meniere's Disease 
B) Mondini malformation 
C) Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome 
D) Congenitally Fixed Footplate

Free Response Question:
What are three nonsurgical treatment options for otosclerosis?

Quick Facts:
Pathogenesis of SNHL
-cochlear neurons send fibers bilaterally to auditory nuclei in midbrain→ signals through medial geniculate thalamic nuclei→ auditory cortex in superior temporal gyri
-Intensity of sound encoding be three things:
-amount of neural activity in individual neuron
-the number of neurons active
-specific neurons activated
-2/3rds of hereditary hearing impairments are nonsyndromic
-70-80% of nonsyndromic HHI is inherited as AR.
-Hearing loss associated with dominant genes has onset in adolescence/adulthood (varies in severity).
-Hearing loss associated with recessive inheritance is congenital and
profound.
-Common syndromic forms of hearing loss include:
-Usher Syndrome = retinitis pigmentosa
-Waardenburg = pigmentary abnormality
-Pendred = thyroid organification defect
-Alport Syndrome = renal disease
-Jervell/Lange-Nielsen syndrome = prolonged QT interval

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