Answers:
Which layers of the TM regenerate after perforation?
A) Lateral Squamous Layer
B) Middle Fibrous Layer
C) Medial Mucosal Layer
D) A+B
E) A+C
F) B+C
G) All three layers
After a TM perf the middle fibrous layer does not regenerate leading to formation of a "monomer". This can be confused for a perf on exam.
In what population and after what trauma is keloid formation most likely?
MC Questions:
The duration of vertigo is typically --- in Meniere disease, --- in BPPV and --- in a TIA.
A) Hours, Minutes, Seconds
B)Hours, Seconds, Minutes
C)Minutes, Hours, Seconds
D) Minutes, Seconds, Hours
E) Seconds, Minutes, Hours
F) Seconds, Hours, Minutes
A) Lateral Squamous Layer
B) Middle Fibrous Layer
C) Medial Mucosal Layer
D) A+B
E) A+C
F) B+C
G) All three layers
After a TM perf the middle fibrous layer does not regenerate leading to formation of a "monomer". This can be confused for a perf on exam.
In what population and after what trauma is keloid formation most likely?
Most common trauma is ear piercing and keloids are most likely to form in African Americans aged 16-30.
The duration of vertigo is typically --- in Meniere disease, --- in BPPV and --- in a TIA.
A) Hours, Minutes, Seconds
B)Hours, Seconds, Minutes
C)Minutes, Hours, Seconds
D) Minutes, Seconds, Hours
E) Seconds, Minutes, Hours
F) Seconds, Hours, Minutes
Free Response Question:
What is the Tullio Phenomenon?
Quick Facts:
Caloric Tests:
-Compares magnitude of induce nystagmus on L and R.
-EAC is close to horizontal SCC so response is horizontal nystagmus.
-Cold = cupula moves away from utricle (nystagmus beats towards opposite side)
-Warm = endolymph to rise, nystagmus beats toward side of stimulus.
-COWS = cold opposite, warm same
-Disadvantages: heat transfer via EAC may varies from person to person, only works for horizontal SCC, only evaluates response at one frequency.
-Usually use open loops systems, closed loop/air used for those w/ TM perf.
-Results of peak slow phase velocity of nystagmus are entered in equation that define vestibular function.
-A difference of >20-25% indicates unilateral weakness.
-Directional preponderance = mean-peak, slow-phase velocity of nystagmus beating toward one side is significantly great than the mean-peak, slow-phase velocity of the nystagmus toward the opposite side.
-Bilateral weakness = caloric weakness in both sides. Ass. w/ vestibulotoxic antibiotherapy or b/l meniere disease.
-Hyperactive caloric response = cerebellar lesion or atrophy (due to removal of cerebllar inhibitory effect.
-Failure of fixation suppression test is abnormal = lesion of flocculus of cerebellum.
-Inversion of Caloric Nystagmus = seen in TM perf, it is due to cooling effect of evaporation of moisture in middle ear.
-Premature Caloric reversal = seen in Friedreich ataxia and brainstem lesions
-Compares magnitude of induce nystagmus on L and R.
-EAC is close to horizontal SCC so response is horizontal nystagmus.
-Cold = cupula moves away from utricle (nystagmus beats towards opposite side)
-Warm = endolymph to rise, nystagmus beats toward side of stimulus.
-COWS = cold opposite, warm same
-Disadvantages: heat transfer via EAC may varies from person to person, only works for horizontal SCC, only evaluates response at one frequency.
-Usually use open loops systems, closed loop/air used for those w/ TM perf.
-Results of peak slow phase velocity of nystagmus are entered in equation that define vestibular function.
-A difference of >20-25% indicates unilateral weakness.
-Directional preponderance = mean-peak, slow-phase velocity of nystagmus beating toward one side is significantly great than the mean-peak, slow-phase velocity of the nystagmus toward the opposite side.
-Bilateral weakness = caloric weakness in both sides. Ass. w/ vestibulotoxic antibiotherapy or b/l meniere disease.
-Hyperactive caloric response = cerebellar lesion or atrophy (due to removal of cerebllar inhibitory effect.
-Failure of fixation suppression test is abnormal = lesion of flocculus of cerebellum.
-Inversion of Caloric Nystagmus = seen in TM perf, it is due to cooling effect of evaporation of moisture in middle ear.
-Premature Caloric reversal = seen in Friedreich ataxia and brainstem lesions
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