Answers:
A patient is found to have low frequency CHL and stapedius reflexes that are present. What clinical findings would support the most likely diagnosis?
A) + Fukuda test
B) Vertical Nystagmus
C) Tullio Phenomenon
D) Hennebert Sign
E) More than one of the above is correct
Low frequency CHL w/ + stapedius reflex raises concerns for superior canal dehiscence syndrome which is associated with the Tullio Phenomenon and Hennebert sign.
What is "Alexander's Law"?
MC Questions:
What complication results from damage to the superior laryngeal nerve?
A) Dysphagia
B) Strap muscle motor weakness
C) Aspiration
D) Inability to abduct vocal folds
E) More than one of the above
A) + Fukuda test
B) Vertical Nystagmus
C) Tullio Phenomenon
D) Hennebert Sign
E) More than one of the above is correct
Low frequency CHL w/ + stapedius reflex raises concerns for superior canal dehiscence syndrome which is associated with the Tullio Phenomenon and Hennebert sign.
What is "Alexander's Law"?
Alexander's law states that in individuals with nystagmus, the
amplitude of the nystagmus increases when the eye moves in the direction of the
fast phase (saccade). It is manifested during spontaneous nystagmus in
a patient with a vestibular lesion. The nystagmus
becomes more intense when the patient looks in the quick-phase than in the
slow-phase direction.The law was named after Gustav Alexander who described it in 1912. -wikipedia
amplitude of the nystagmus increases when the eye moves in the direction of the
fast phase (saccade). It is manifested during spontaneous nystagmus in
a patient with a vestibular lesion. The nystagmus
becomes more intense when the patient looks in the quick-phase than in the
slow-phase direction.The law was named after Gustav Alexander who described it in 1912. -wikipedia
What complication results from damage to the superior laryngeal nerve?
A) Dysphagia
B) Strap muscle motor weakness
C) Aspiration
D) Inability to abduct vocal folds
E) More than one of the above
Free Response Question:
Name the seven branches of the external carotid artery.
Quick Facts:
Occupational Hearing Loss
-Daily exposure to loud noise produces loss of high frequency sensitivity in the 4-6
kHz range = “noise notch”
Pathology
-thought to be due to metabolic depletion of the sensory epithelium of the cochlea
(mainly outer hair cells)
-Can cause temporary threshold shift (TTP, recovers in a few days) or permanent
threshold shift.
Diagnosis
1. Significant exposure to hazardous noise (time weighted average of 90 db)
2. gradual onset hearing loss
3. symmetrical loss
4. hearing loss at ~4000 Hz
5. occupational hearing loss is not progressive after maximum loss incurred
approximately 10-12 yrs after initial exposure.
6. Normal speech discrimination
7. maximum amount of hearing loss caused by occupational noise exposure is 40 db in speech frequencies and 75 db in higher frequencies.
8. occupation hearing loss does not progress once the subject is removed from noisy environment.
Name the seven branches of the external carotid artery.
Quick Facts:
Occupational Hearing Loss
-Daily exposure to loud noise produces loss of high frequency sensitivity in the 4-6
kHz range = “noise notch”
Pathology
-thought to be due to metabolic depletion of the sensory epithelium of the cochlea
(mainly outer hair cells)
-Can cause temporary threshold shift (TTP, recovers in a few days) or permanent
threshold shift.
Diagnosis
1. Significant exposure to hazardous noise (time weighted average of 90 db)
2. gradual onset hearing loss
3. symmetrical loss
4. hearing loss at ~4000 Hz
5. occupational hearing loss is not progressive after maximum loss incurred
approximately 10-12 yrs after initial exposure.
6. Normal speech discrimination
7. maximum amount of hearing loss caused by occupational noise exposure is 40 db in speech frequencies and 75 db in higher frequencies.
8. occupation hearing loss does not progress once the subject is removed from noisy environment.
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